Four à chaux
Le four à chaux permettait de faire cuire des pierres calcaires afin de réaliser de la chaux.
La chaux était un matériau extrêmement précieux dans l’architecture romaine car son utilisation était double. Elle était d’une part utilisée sous forme d’enduit pour décorer des parois. C’est son usage le plus ancien puisque les égyptiens utilisaient déjà cette technique pour recouvrir leurs murs. D’autre part, dans l’architecture spécifiquement romaine cette fois, la chaux était utilisée en mélange avec du sable et de l’eau pour créer une sorte de mortier qui était ensuite posé en alternance sur des lits de pierres pour créer le fameux béton romain. C’est précisément cette invention qui leur a permis de construire toujours plus solide, toujours plus haut, allant jusqu’à la construction d’une coupole de plus de 43 m de portée au Panthéon.
Four à chaux - (Documentation : Ph. Fleury et S. Madeleine – Infographie : C. Morineau et N. Lefèvre, 2023)
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