Prison Mamertine
La Prison Mamertine se trouve en bordure du forum romain, au pied de l’Arx.
Contraint de faire face à l’accroissement de la population, le roi Ancus Marcius (deuxième moitié du VIIe siècle av. J.-C. selon la tradition) dut faire construire une prison (carcer). De l’église S. Giuseppe dei Falegnami (St Joseph des Charpentiers), un escalier moderne conduit à l’édifice antique dont la façade en travertin date du début de l’époque impériale. Derrière, on trouve une façade plus ancienne.
La cellule supérieure de la prison est une pièce trapézoïdale voûtée. Ses côtés mesurent environ 5 m sur 3 m et son point le plus élevé atteint 5 m de haut. La cellule inférieure, le Tullianum, est entièrement construite en blocs de pépérin, assemblés sans mortier. Une ouverture de 70 cm de diamètre, encore visible aujourd’hui, la relie à la cellule supérieure. En l’absence de porte, c’est par ce trou que les condamnés étaient descendus dans le cachot.
La prison jouxte l’escalier des Gémonies qu’empruntaient les condamnés à mort pour haute trahison avant d’être jetés du haut de la roche tarpéienne. Sur la maquette de P. BIgot, les escaliers des Gémonies sont représentés à droite de la prison, sur la maquette virtuelle ils sont représentés à gauche (sensiblement à l’emplacement des escaliers actuels qui conduisent du forum jusqu’à la place du Capitole.
D’illustres personnages périrent ici comme Jugurtha, en 104 av. J.-C., pendant que Marius défilait sur le Forum avec son cortège. Notons l’humour de Jugurtha, qui, une fois précipité par ses bourreaux dans le Tullianum, leur dit : « Comme votre bain est froid, Romains ! » En 63 av. J.-C., les conjurés, amis de Catilina, y furent étranglés. En 46 av. J.-C., Vercingétorix y fut également étranglé après le triomphe de César. La prison ne se composait pas seulement des deux cachots décrits. Au-delà, sur la pente du Capitole, il y avait d’autres pièces que l’on nomme les Lautumiae. La prison était encore en activité dans la dernière moitié du IVe siècle ap. J.-C.. C’est au Moyen-Age qu’elle prit le nom de prison Mamertine.
Cliché Ch.Morineau
Prison mamertine (nouvelle façade) - Cliché Ph. Fleury
Prison mamertine (ancienne façade) - Cliché Ph. Fleury
A gauche, l’escalier des Gémonies - (Documentation : Ph. Fleury, N. Gautier et S. Madeleine – Infographie : C. Morineau et N. Lefèvre, 2018)
Extérieur - (Documentation : Ph. Fleury, N. Gautier et S. Madeleine – Infographie : C. Morineau et N. Lefèvre, 2018)
A droite de l’image - (Documentation : Ph. Fleury, N. Gautier et S. Madeleine – Infographie : C. Morineau et N. Lefèvre, 2018)
Le cachot - (Documentation : Ph. Fleury, N. Gautier et S. Madeleine – Infographie : C. Morineau et N. Lefèvre, 2018)"Pompiers" et "police" à Rome [3D] - Les Nocturnes du Plan de Rome - 06 févr. 2019
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