Arc de Tibère sur le forum romain
L’arc de Tibère se trouve devant la basilique julienne, à proximité du temple de Saturne et de la Schola de Xanthos. Il a été construit pour célébrer le succès d’une campagne militaire menée par Germanicus, afin de récupérer les enseignes perdues par les légions à la bataille de Teutobourg.
La construction de l’arc de Tibère est liée à une des défaites les plus importantes que connut l’armée romaine. En 9 ap. J.-C. Varus perdit trois légions contre les Germains à la Bataille de Teutobourg et les enseignes romaines restèrent sur place. Devant cette humiliation , Germanicus dirigea quelques années plus tard une expédition visant à enterrer les morts et à récupérer les enseignes. D’après Tacite , l’arc de Tibère a été construit une fois l’expédition terminée.
Tac. , Ann . 2 , 41 , 1 : « A la fin de l’année , on dédie un arc près du temple de Saturne en l’honneur des enseignes perdues avec Varus mais reprises sous le commandement de Germanicus et sous les auspices de Tibère » (trad. P. Wuilleumier , Paris , Les Belles Lettres , 2015 (1923)).
Cet arc , bien attesté par les sources littéraires , n’a laissé que peu de traces à Rome. La principale source d’information pour la restitution est sa représentation sur un bas-relief de l’arc de Constantin.
Cliché C. Morineau
Emplacement de l’arc de Tibère sur le forum romain - Cliché Ph. Fleury
L’arc de Tibère sur la uia noua. A gauche, la basilique julienne, à droite, la schola de Xanthos. - (Documentation : Ph. Fleury et S. Madeleine – Infographie : C. Morineau et N. Lefèvre, 2016)
L’arc de Tibère sur la uia noua. A gauche, la basilique julienne, à droite, la schola de Xanthos. - (Documentation : Ph. Fleury et S. Madeleine – Infographie : C. Morineau et N. Lefèvre, 2016)Le forum républicain [3D] - Les Nocturnes du Plan de Rome - 08 nov. 2017
En voiture à Rome [3D] - Les Nocturnes du Plan de Rome - 10 nov. 2021
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