Grand marché du Caelius
Le grand marché de Rome construit à l’époque néronienne est localisé hypothétiquement sur le Caelius.
Le Macellum Magnum est le grand marché de Rome, construit en 59 ap. J.-C. sur la colline du Caelius par l’empereur Néron. L’adjectif Magnum est un qualificatif d’origine populaire donné à l’édifice commercial en raison de ses dimensions monumentales (environ 93 m sur 70 m). On le connaît également sous le nom de Macellum Augusti. Cette appellation est celle qui apparaît de manière abrégée sur des pièces de monnaie émises à Rome et à Lyon entre 59 ap. J.-C. et 64 ap. J.-C. De nombreux exemplaires ont été conservés. Les pièces présentent toutes un schéma similaire : d’un côté l’effigie de l’empereur Néron, de l’autre un édifice à colonnade entouré des mentions abrégées MAC AVG SC.
Seuls le Régionnaire de Rome permet de savoir avec certitude que le grand marché était situé sur la colline du Caelius. D’autres sources antiques renvoient de manière équivoque au Macellum Magnum. Deux fragments de la Forma Vrbis Romae dont l’emplacement n’a pas été identifié indiquent l’existence d’un Macellum de dimension monumentale. Ils ont hypothétiquement été replacés sur le Caelius. Un Macellum est également mentionné sur diverses épitaphes de bouchers mais son assimilation au Macellum néronien demeure hypothétique. Aucune trace archéologique de l’édifice commercial n’a été retrouvée. Dans l’Antiquité, le Macellum était un espace de commerce alimentaire, essentiellement dédié à la vente de viande et de poisson. C’était un lieu entièrement clos, où tout le monde pouvait effectuer ses achats.
La tholos centrale avec une statue de Neptune - (Dossier scientifique : M. Bizet, Ph. Fleury - Infographie : C. Morineau, N. Lefèvre, 2013)
Entrée - (Dossier scientifique : M. Bizet, Ph. Fleury - Infographie : C. Morineau, N. Lefèvre, 2013)
Intérieur du marché avec la tholos à gauche - (Dossier scientifique : M. Bizet, Ph. Fleury - Infographie : C. Morineau, N. Lefèvre, 2013)
Intérieur du marché avec la tholos à gauche - (Dossier scientifique : M. Bizet, Ph. Fleury - Infographie : C. Morineau, N. Lefèvre, 2013)
Boucher - (Dossier scientifique : M. Bizet, Ph. Fleury - Infographie : C. Morineau, N. Lefèvre, 2013)
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